Thermistor Amateka nintangiriro
NTC thermistor ni impfunyapfunyo ya Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor.Thermistor =Ubushuheally sensistor, byavumbuwe mu 1833 na Michael Faraday, wakoraga ubushakashatsi kuri semiconductor ya silver sulfide, yabonye ko kurwanya sulfide ya silver yagabanutse uko ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, hanyuma bigurishwa na Samuel Reuben mu myaka ya za 1930, abahanga mu bya siyansi basanze okiside ya cuprous na oxyde y'umuringa nayo ifite coeffisiyoneri yubushyuhe ndetse n’imikorere, kandi zashyizwe mu bikorwa neza mu muzunguruko w’ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho by’indege. Icyakurikiyeho, kubera iterambere rikomeje ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya transistor, hari intambwe nini yatewe mubushakashatsi bwa thermistors, kandi mu 1960, NTC thermistors yatejwe imbere, ni iy'itsinda rinini ryaibice.
NTC Thermistor ni ubwoko bwaceramic nziza ya semiconductor yubushyuheikaba yacumuwe na oxyde nyinshi yinzibacyuho, cyane cyane ya Mn (manganese), Ni (nikel), Co (cobalt) nkibikoresho fatizo, Mn3-xMxO4 (M = Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, nibindi) ni ibikoresho bifite Coefficient ya Negative Temperature (NTC), ni ukuvuga, kurwanya biragabanuka.ku buryo bugaragarahamwe n'ubushyuhe bwiyongera. By'umwihariko, kurwanya no guhora ibintu biratandukana ugereranije nibintu bigize ibintu, ikirere cyangirika, ubushyuhe bukabije nuburyo imiterere.
Kuberako kurwanya kwayo guhindukanezanabyateganijwemugusubiza impinduka nto mubushyuhe bwumubiri (Urwego rwo guhinduka kwarwo ruterwa nibitandukanyeibipimo.
1. Ibisobanuro by'ibanze n'amahame y'akazi
Thermistor NTC ni iki?
■ Igisobanuro:Ubushuhe bubi (NTC) thermistor ni igice cya ceramic semiconductor ceramic irwanya kugabanuka.ku buryo bugaragarauko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Irakoreshwa cyane mugupima ubushyuhe, indishyi zubushyuhe, hamwe no guhagarika ubu.
■ Ihame ry'akazi:Ikozwe mubyuma byinzibacyuho (urugero, mangan ese, cobalt, nikel), ihinduka ryubushyuhe rihindura ubwikorezi bwibintu mubikoresho, bikavamo impinduka mukurwanya.
Kugereranya Ubwoko bwa Sensor Ubwoko
| Andika | Ihame | Ibyiza | Ibibi |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTC | Kurwanya biratandukanye n'ubushyuhe | Ubukangurambaga bukabije, igiciro gito | Ibisohoka bitari umurongo |
| RTD | Kurwanya ibyuma biratandukana nubushyuhe | Ukuri kwinshi, umurongo mwiza | Igiciro kinini, igisubizo gitinze |
| Thermocouple | Ingaruka ya Thermoelectric (voltage iterwa nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe) | Ubushyuhe bwagutse (-200 ° C kugeza 1800 ° C) | Irasaba indishyi zikonje, ibimenyetso bidakomeye |
| Ubushyuhe bwa Digital | Hindura ubushyuhe kubisohoka mububiko | Kwishyira hamwe byoroshye na microcontrollers, byuzuye neza | Ubushyuhe buke, igiciro kiri hejuru ya NTC |
| LPTC (Umurongo wa PTC) | Kurwanya byiyongera neza hamwe nubushyuhe | Byoroheje umurongo usohoka, byiza kurinda ubushyuhe burenze | Ibyiyumvo bigarukira, urwego rugufi rwo gusaba |
2. Ibyingenzi byingenzi byerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho
Ibipimo Byibanze
■ Kurwanya Amazina (R25):
Imbaraga zeru kuri 25 ° C, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 1kΩ kugeza 100kΩ.XIXITRONIQUEirashobora guhindurwa kugirango ihure 0.5 ～ 5000kΩ
■B Agaciro (Indangantego yubushyuhe):
Igisobanuro: B = (T1 · T2) / (T2-T1) · ln (R1 / R2), byerekana sensibilité yo kurwanya ihindagurika ryubushyuhe (unit: K).
Urutonde rusange rw'agaciro B: 3000K kugeza 4600K (urugero, B25 / 85 = 3950K)
XIXITRONICS irashobora gutegurwa guhura 2500 ～ 5000K
■ Ukuri (Tolerance):
Gutandukana kw'agaciro (urugero, ± 1%, ± 3%) no gupima ubushyuhe (urugero, ± 0.5 ° C).
XIXITRONICS irashobora gutegurwa guhura ± 0.2 ℃ murwego rwa 0 ℃ kugeza 70 ℃, ubunyangamugayo burashobora kugera kuri 0.05℃.
■Ikintu cyo Gutandukana (δ):
Ibipimo byerekana ingaruka zo kwishyushya, bipimye muri mW / ° C (indangagaciro zo hasi zisobanura kutishyushya).
■Igihe gihoraho (τ):
Igihe gikenewe kugirango thermistor isubize kuri 63.2% yubushyuhe (urugero, amasegonda 5 mumazi, amasegonda 20 mukirere).
Amagambo ya tekiniki
■ Ikigereranyo cya Steinhart-Hart:
Icyitegererezo cyimibare isobanura isano iri hagati yubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwa NTC thermistors:
(T: Ubushyuhe budasanzwe, R: Kurwanya, A / B / C: Guhoraho)
■ α (Coefficient de Temperature):
Igipimo cyimpinduka zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe:
■ Imbonerahamwe ya RT (Imbonerahamwe yo Kurwanya-Ubushyuhe):
Imbonerahamwe yerekana indangagaciro zirwanya ubushyuhe butandukanye, zikoreshwa muri kalibrasi cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera.
3. Porogaramu isanzwe ya NTC Thermistors
Imirima yo gusaba
1. Gupima Ubushyuhe:
o Ibikoresho byo murugo (ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, firigo), ibikoresho byinganda, ibinyabiziga (ipaki ya batiri / kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa moteri).
2. Indishyi z'ubushyuhe:
oIndishyi zubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka mubindi bikoresho bya elegitoronike (urugero, oscillator ya kristu, LED).
3. Shiramo guhagarika ubu:
oGukoresha ubukonje bukabije kugirango ugabanye inrush mugihe cyo gutangira amashanyarazi.
Ingero zumuzunguruko Ingero
• Umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi:
(Ubushyuhe bubarwa mugusoma voltage ukoresheje ADC.)
• Uburyo bwo gutandukanya umurongo:
Ongeraho résistants zihamye murukurikirane / ugereranije kugirango uhindure umusaruro utari umurongo wa NTC (shyiramo ibishushanyo mbonera byumuzingi).
4. Ibikoresho bya tekiniki nibikoresho
Ibikoresho byubusa
•Datasheets:Shyiramo ibipimo birambuye, ibipimo, hamwe nibizamini.
•Imbonerahamwe ya RT Excel (PDF) Inyandikorugero: Emerera abakiriya kureba byihuse indangagaciro-zo kurwanya.
oIgishushanyo mbonera cya NTC muri Litiyumu ya Batiri Kurinda Ubushyuhe
oKunoza ibipimo bya NTC Ubushyuhe Binyuze muri Calibration ya software
Ibikoresho byo kumurongo
• B Kubara Agaciro:Injira T1 / R1 na T2 / R2 kugirango ubare agaciro B.
•Igikoresho cyo Guhindura Ubushyuhe: Kwinjiza kurwanya kugirango ubone ubushyuhe bukwiranye (ushyigikira ikigereranyo cya Steinhart-Hart).
5. Inama Zishushanya (Kubashakashatsi)
• Irinde Amakosa yo Kwishyushya:Menya neza ko imikorere ikora iri munsi yikigereranyo cyateganijwe (urugero, 10μA).
• Kurengera ibidukikije:Kubidukikije bitose cyangwa byangirika, koresha ibirahuri bifunze cyangwa epoxy-yuzuye NTCs.
• Ibyifuzo bya Calibration:Kunoza sisitemu yukuri ukoresheje kalibrasi yibice bibiri (urugero, 0 ° C na 100 ° C).
6.Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)
1. Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya NTC na PTC thermistors?
o Igisubizo: PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistors yongerera imbaraga ubushyuhe hamwe nubusanzwe ikoreshwa mukurinda birenze urugero, mugihe ubushyuhe bwa NTC bukoreshwa mugupima ubushyuhe nindishyi.
2. Ikibazo: Nigute ushobora guhitamo agaciro ka B?
o Igisubizo: Indangagaciro B B (urugero, B25 / 85 = 4700K) itanga sensibilité yo hejuru kandi ikwiranye nubushyuhe buke, mugihe agaciro ka B gake (urugero, B25 / 50 = 3435K) nibyiza kubushyuhe bwagutse.
3. Ikibazo: Uburebure bwinsinga bugira ingaruka kubipimo?
oIgisubizo: Yego, insinga ndende zitangiza ubundi buryo bwo guhangana, bushobora kwishyurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa 3-wire cyangwa 4-wire.
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